An overview of mycetoma and its diagnostic dilemma: Time to move on to advanced techniques

The neglected tropical disease mycetoma can become extremely devastating, and can be caused both by fungi and bacteria; these are popularly known as eumycetoma and actinomycetoma respectively. The classical triad of the disease is subcutaneous swelling, multiple discharging sinuses and the presence of macroscopic granules. The present study aims to highlight the existing diagnostic modalities and the need to incorporate newer and more advanced laboratory techniques like pan fungal/pan bacterial 16S rRNA gene polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing, Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), rolling circle amplification (RCA), loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA). It is important for the medical team to be aware of the various diagnostic options (both existing and future), so that diagnosis of such a debilitating disease is never missed, both by clinicians and microbiologists/pathologists. The newer diagnostic methods discussed in this article will help in rapid, accurate diagnosis thus facilitating early treatment initiation, and decreasing the overall morbidity of the disease. In the Indian context, newer technologies need to be made available more widely. Making clinicians aware and promoting research and development in mycetoma diagnostics is the need of the hour.

Effects of different time point rolling massager on inflammation in rabbits with skeletal muscle injury / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective:To observe the effects of rolling method massager on local tissue morphology, tissue and serum TNF-α and IL-1β in rabbits with skeletal muscle injury at different time points; To investigate the mechanism of temporal effect of rolling method action on skeletal muscle injury.Methods:Totally 72 New Zealand rabbits were divided into blank group, model group and rolling method treatment group according to random number table method, with 24 rabbits in each group. Rabbits in each group were divided into 1 d, 3 d, 5 d, 7 d, 9 d and 11 d subgroups according to the time point of injury, with 4 rabbits in each group. Blunt contusion was used to model the model group and the rolling method treatment group. Each subgroup of the rolling method treatment group was subjected to rolling method intervention for 3 d, using a homemade rolling method massager, 2 times/d, 3 min/time. At 24 h after the completion of the intervention, the histomorphological changes were observed by HE staining, and the TNF-α and IL-1β contents in serum and damaged skeletal muscle tissues were detected by ELISA.Results:Compared with the blank group, the inflammatory cell infiltration in the model group was obvious, edema was severe, and myofibers were broken; the inflammatory cell infiltration in the 1 d rolling method treatment group was intensified, myocytes were apoptotic, and myofibers were broken and necrosed more seriously; the inflammation in the 7 d rolling method treatment group was obviously improved with the best effect, and the difference with normal healthy muscle tissue was smaller. After modeling, TNF-α and IL-1β levels in skeletal muscle tissues and serum TNF-α levels were higher in the 3 d model group than in the 1 d model group ( P<0.05). Compared with the blank group, TNF-α and IL-1β levels in skeletal muscle tissues and serum increased in each subgroup of the model group and each subgroup of the rolling method treatment group ( P<0.01); Compared with the 1 d model group, TNF-α and IL-1β levels in skeletal muscle tissues and serum TNF-α levels increased in the 1 d rolling method treatment group. The levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in the 3 d, 5 d, 7 d, 9 d and 11 d rolling method treatment group were lower than those in the model group subgroup ( P<0.05). TNF-α and IL-1β levels in skeletal muscle tissues and serum TNF-α levels were higher in the 1 d, 3 d and 5 d rolling method treatment group than in the 7 d rolling method treatment group ( P<0.05). TNF-α levels in skeletal muscle tissues were higher in the 1 d and 3 d rolling method treatment group than in the 7 d rolling method treatment group ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The inflammatory factors in the rolling treated group were significantly higher at 1 d after skeletal muscle injury, indicating that treatment with the rolling method was inappropriate at this time; seven days after injury, the application of rolling method can reduce the inflammatory effect, accelerate the repair of skeletal muscle, and improve the quality of functional recovery.

Molecular tandem repeat strategy for production ofultrashort peptides / 生物工程学报

Ultrashort peptides have higher stability, tissue penetrability, biocompatibility, and less immunogenicity, and are widely applied in biology and medicine. GHK (glycyl-l-histidyl-l-lysine) and GQPR (glycyl-l-glutamyl-l-prolyl-l-arginine) can stimulate collagen renewal and inhibit collagen degradation. GHK and GQPR have been used in cosmetic anti-wrinkle skincare and make-up products. The most common approach for ultrashort peptide production is the solid-phase synthesis, which is eco-unfriendly due to heavy usage of organic chemical reagents during the manufacturing process. Here we report a new approach to the production of ultrashort peptides. Recombinant expression of ultrashort peptides is usually unfeasible because of the short amino acid sequences. A vector pET28a-Trxm harboring the thioredoxin gene was first constructed for subsequent fusion expression. The tandem repeats of GHK and GQPR genes were used as the templates for rolling circle amplification (RCA). The RCA reaction was tuned to incorporate noncanonical nucleotides 5-methylcytosine to obtain long DNA fragments. Gene sequences with various lengths were generated through double digestion of Acc65 Ⅰ and Apa Ⅰ. The resulting digestion products were gel recovered by size (from 500 bp to 1 500 bp) and cloned into pET28a-Trxm to obtain the recombinant vector pET28a-Trxm-(TRSP)n. The pET28a-Trxm-(TRSP)n was introduced into E. coli BL21(DE3) to generate a library of Trxm-(TRSP)n sequences with a controlled distribution of lengths. Through double digestion and sequencing, positive clones with tandem repeats n=1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9 were obtained. Protein expression results showed protein bands with corresponding molecular weight, and the protein expression level decreased as the tandem repeats increased. The expression level of Trxm-(TRSP)1 achieved 50% of the total protein, while the expression level of Trxm-(TRSP)2 was 30% of the total protein. The crude extracts from cell pellets were further treated with enterokinase cleavage, and the supernatants containing (TRSP)1 were collected after ultrafiltration and then subjected to trypsin cleavage. HPLC analysis indicated that the ultrashort peptides GHK and GQPR were successfully obtained through two-step cleavage. This study may facilitate the commercial production of ultrashort peptides.

Using multiple-fragment amplification combined with Gibson assembly to clone genes with site-directed mutations / 生物工程学报

In order to develop a simple and efficient site-directed mutagenesis solution, the Gibson assembly technique was used to clone the cyclin dependent kinase 4 gene with single or double site mutations, with the aim to simplify the overlap extension PCR. The gene fragments containing site mutations were amplified using a strategy similar to overlap extension PCR. Meanwhile, an empty plasmid was digested by double restriction endonucleases to generate a linearized vector with a short adaptor overlapping with the targeted gene fragments. The gene fragments were directly spliced with the linearized vector by Gibson assembly in an isothermal, single-reaction, creating a recombinant plasmid. After the recombinant plasmids were transformed into competent Escherichia coli DH5α, several clones were screened from each group. Through restriction analysis and DNA sequencing, it was found that the randomly selected clones were 100% target mutants. Since there was neither tedious multiple-round PCR amplification nor frequent DNA extraction operation, and there was no need to digest the original plasmid, this protocol circumvents many factors that may interfere with the conventional site-directed mutagenesis. Hence, genes with single or multiple mutations could be cloned easily and efficiently. In summary, the major defects associated with overlap extension PCR and rolling circle amplification were circumvented in this protocol, making it a good solution for site-directed mutagenesis.

Successful Uterine Detorsion and its Therapeutic Management in a Doe

The present case describes successful uterine detorsion and its therapeutic management in a non-descript goat.

Research of training method using repeated rolling movement for Boccia players with severe cerebral palsy / 体力科学

Boccia is a targeted sport that has been devised in Europe for people with severe cerebral palsy (CP) or similar severe limbs dysfunction. In the target sport, it is important that the parasympathetic nerve becomes dominant during the competition, and it is said that the parasympathetic nerve activity tends to become dominant by training to raise the heart rate. The training protocol incorporates a rolling movement, which is an Activities of Daily Living (ADL) that can be performed even with severe CP. The purpose of this study is to verify whether interval rolling movement (IR), which repeats rolling movement at the maximum speed, is effective as training for increasing heart rate associated with effort exercise for people with severe CP. One workout consisted of 1minute rolling movement and 30seconds of rest, and three times of this workout were as 1set of IR. Subjects performed 3sets of IR with a 5minutes rest and performed this training for 6months. Six severe CP boccia players were divided into two groups, 1/week group and 1/month group, depending on the frequency of intervention. As a result, the post-exercise heart rate and the number of turns per minute increased significantly in the weekly group, and no significant change was observed in the monthly group. For severe CP boccia players, it was suggested that conducting IR at least once a week is an effective method of training aimed at increasing heart rate associated with effort exercise.

Experimental Study on Separation of Fetal Nucleated Red Blood Cell from the Whole Blood Using Microfluidic Chip / 医用生物力学

Objective To seperate fetal nucleated red blood cells (fNRBCs) from the whole maternal peripheral blood effectively by designing a circular channel microfluidic chip. Methods A microfluidic chip is designed by utilizing the margination in blood flow and the specific adhesion characteristics of immuno-agent anti-CD147. With the whole umbilical cord blood, the effects of different shear forces on the enrichment of fNRBCs was studied by immunofluorescence counting. Results Increasing shear rate in microfluidic chip could improve the number of captured fNRBCs compared with the static adhesion. With the increase of shear rate of blood flow, the number of the captured cells increased at first, and then decreased. Conclusions The use of microfluid chip can effectively seperate fNRBCs from the whole blood. The results provide an experimental reference for the non-invasive prenatal diagnosis research and the exploration on the mechanism of fetal cell migration.

Ratcheting behavior of adult and juvenile cartilage under rolling load / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Domestic and foreign scholars have done a lot of researches on the stress of articular cartilage under different mechanical environments and cyclic compressive loads, but they mainly studied the effect of cartilage under the cyclic compressive load. Studies on the effects of age factor on the mechanical properties of cartilage and studies regarding the properties of cartilage in complex stress environments are not exhaustive. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of different rolling load conditions on the ratcheting behavior of adult and juvenile articular cartilage. METHODS: Adult cartilage and juvenile cartilage were used as experimental objects, and the load was applied by a rolling load device under different experimental conditions (compression: 10%, 20%, 30%; rolling rate: 1.66, 3.44, 6.68 mm/s; defect width: 1, 2,4 mm). At the same time, non-contact digital technology was used to collect the sample during the loading process, and the cyclical pressure was studied by analyzing and processing the image. The ratcheting behavior of adult and juvenile articular cartilage was studied under rolling load. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Under rolling load, the ratcheting strain of adult cartilage and juvenile cartilage showed a rapid increase followed by a slow increase tendency with the rolling load. With the increase of compression, the ratcheting strain of adult cartilage and juvenile cartilage increased. At the same amount of compression, the ratcheting strain of juvenile cartilage was greater than that of adult cartilage, and their ratcheting strain gradually decreased from the surface layer to the deep layer along the depth of cartilage. As the rolling rate increased, the ratcheting strain of adult cartilage and juvenile cartilage decreased. The ratcheting strain values and trends of 1 mm microdefect articular cartilage were similar to those of intact articular cartilage. Under the condition of 2,4 mm defect, the ratcheting strain value of the defected cartilage was higher than that of the intact cartilage.

Coating with flexible DNA network enhanced T-cell activation and tumor killing for adoptive cell therapy

Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) is an emerging powerful cancer immunotherapy, which includes a complex process of genetic modification, stimulation and expansion. During these

Predicción del Trolling desde el sadismo y la adicción a Internet en jóvenes adultos de Buenos Aires / Prediction of Trolling behavior from sadism and Internet addiction in young adults of Buenos Aires

RESUMEN Introducción : El trolling es un fenómeno de gran actualidad, pero mucho menos estudiado a diferencia de otras problemáticas relacionadas con las nuevas tecnologías. El presente estudio evaluó los niveles de trolling en adultos a partir del sadismo y la adicción a internet. Método : Para este fin, se constituyó una muestra intencional de 708 adultos, de ambos géneros (56% mujeres, edad M = 25 años DE = 8.7), de Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (CABA) y Gran Buenos Aires (GBA), Argentina. Los participantes contestaron el Cuestionario de trolling de Buckels et al., de Tendencias Sádicas de Paulhus et al., de Adicción a Internet de Lam-Figueroa et al. y un cuestionario demográfico. Los datos indicaban que tanto el sadismo vicario, el sadismo directo y la disfuncionalidad en el uso de Internet eran predictores del trolling. Resultados : Los resultados sugerían asociación del trolling con la edad y diferencias según el género. Un modelo estructural para predecir el trolling a partir del sadismo como variable latente y la adicción a internet mostraron un ajuste adecuado CFI = .99, TLI = .98, RMSEA = .04, indicando que el sadismo predecía el trolling y la adicción a internet. Conclusión : El sadismo es un predictor importante para la conducta de Trolling a través de internet, donde los individuos con estas características aprovechan el anonimato para realizar sus conductas agresivas.

ABSTRACT Background : Trolling is a very topical phenomenon, but much less studied unlike other problems related to new technologies. The present study evaluated the levels of trolling in adults from sadism and internet addiction. Method : For this purpose, an intentional sample of 708 adults of both genders (56% women, age M = 25 years SD = 8.7), from the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires (CABA) and Greater Buenos Aires (GBA), Argentina is selected. Participants answered the Trolling Questionnaire by Buckels et al., On Sadistic Tendencies by Paulhus et al., On Internet Addiction by Lam-Figueroa et al. and a demographic questionnaire. The data indicated that both vicarious sadism, outright sadism, and dysfunctionality in Internet use were predictors of trolling. Results : The results suggested an association of trolling with age and differences according to gender. A structural model to predict trolling based on sadism as a latent variable and internet addiction shows an adequate fit CFI = .99, TLI = .98, RMSEA = .04, indicating that sadism predicted trolling and internet addiction. Conclusion : Sadism is an important predictor for trolling behavior over the internet, where individuals with these characteristics take advantage of anonymity to carry out their aggressive behaviors.

Rolling needle pricking-cupping therapy and traditional pricking-cupping therapy for cervical spondylosis of neck type: a randomized controlled trial / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the clinical efficacy between rolling needle pricking-cupping (RNP-C) and traditional pricking-cupping (TP-C) for cervical spondylosis of neck type.@*METHODS@#A total of 96 patients with cervical spondylosis of neck type were randomly divided into an RNP-C group, a TP-C group and an electroacupuncture (EA) group, 32 cases in each group. Each group was treated with EA at Jingbailao (EX-HN 15), Fengchi (GB 20), Dazhui (GV 14), Jianjing (GB 21) and @*RESULTS@#Compared before treatment, the scores of NPQ and VAS in each group were all reduced at 2 and 4 weeks into treatment and follow-up (@*CONCLUSION@#TP-C and RNP-C could both improve the cervical pain symptoms in patients with cervical spondylosis of neck type, and improve the overall function of the cervical spine, and the curative effect is similar.

Effect of nicotine exposure during pregnancy on birth weight among beedi rolling women

Background: Exposure to nicotine can lead to increased morbidity and mortality among fetus and mothers. The objective was to study the effect of nicotine exposure on the birth weight of the babies.Methods: During the study period of one year, it was possible to recruit the total 144 subjects. 36 were women who were exposed to nicotine as they were bidi rollers. The exposure was confirmed by history. 36 women delivered during the study period and these newborns were included in the present study. Control group were 36 pregnant women who were not exposed to nicotine. They were asked about the exposure history, like anyone in their family is smoking inside the house any time and their occupation. Among these all (36) delivered during the study period and their newborns were included in the present study.Results: Both the groups were comparable in terms of age, hemoglobin, body mass index, gestational age. The mean birth weight of babies in the control group (whose mothers were not exposed) was 3.01kg with a standard deviation of 0.56 compared to mean birth weight of babies in the study group (whose mothers were not exposed) of 2.73kg with a standard deviation of 0.40. This difference in the mean birth weight of babies in the study group and the control group was found to be statistically significant (p<0.05). The mean serum cotinine value in study group mothers and babies was very high compared to zero value in mothers and babies of control group and statistically significant (p<0.05).Conclusions: Maternal nicotine exposure through beedi rolling is associated with reduced birth weight.

Beetles (Coleoptera) of Peru: A Survey of the Families. Attelabidae Billberg, 1820 / Escarabajos (coleópteros) de Perú: un reconocimiento de las familias. Attelabidae Billberg, 1820

A new species, Omolabus (Sternolaboides) sokolovi Legalov n. sp. from Satipo, Central Peru, is described. New data for Hybolabus ater (Olivier, 1789), Omolabus (Perulabus) peruanus Legalov, 2004, O. (Pseudomolabus) westerduijni Legalov, 2008 and O. (Sternolaboides) ecuadorensis Legalov, 2007 are recorded. A verified species checklist of Peruvian Attelabidae based on literature and specimen examinations is presented. Distributions of 18 species from eight genera of two tribes found in the fauna of Attelabidae from Peru are given.

Se describe una nueva especie, Omolabus (Sternolaboides) sokolovi Legalov n. sp. de Satipo, centro de Perú. Se registran nuevos datos para Hybolabus ater (Olivier, 1789), Omolabus (Perulabus) peruanus Legalov, 2004, O. (Pseudomolabus) westerduijni Legalov, 2008 y O. (Sternolaboides) ecuadorensis Legalov, 2007. Basada en la literatura y exámenes de muestras, se elabora una lista de las 18 especies peruanas de Attelabidae, pertenecientes a ocho géneros de dos tribus, tambien se presentan sus distribuciones en Perú.

Progress in rolling circle amplification in biological detection / 生物工程学报

Rolling circle amplification is a rapid, sensitive and isothermal single-stranded DNA amplification technique that can be used with staining or probes to amplify the detection signal. This technology has been widely used in biological detection and other aspects. The present paper introduces how to design rolling circle amplification, summarize its application in the detection of pathogens, nucleic acid tumor markers, proteins, biological small biomolecules, and viruses in recent years and prospects for future development.

GLUT1-mediated effective anti-miRNA21 pompon for cancer therapy

Oncogenic microRNAs are essential components in regulating the gene expression of cancer cells. Especially miR21, which is a major player involved of tumor initiation, progression, invasion and metastasis in several cancers. The delivery of anti-miR21 sequences has significant potential for cancer treatment. Nevertheless, since anti-miR21 sequences are extremely unstable and they need to obtain certain concentration to function, it is intensely difficult to build an effective delivery system for them. The purpose of this work is to construct a self-assembled glutathione (GSH)-responsive system with tumor accumulation capacity for effective anti-miR21 delivery and cancer therapy. A novel drug delivery nanosphere carrying millions of anti-miR21 sequences was developed through the rolling circle transcription (RCT) method. GSH-responsive cationic polymer polyethyleneimine (pOEI) was synthesized to protect the nanosphere from degradation by Dicer or other RNase in normal cells and optimize the pompon-like nanoparticle to suitable size. Dehydroascorbic acid (DHA), a targeting molecule, which is a substrate of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT 1) and highly expressed on malignant tumor cells, was connected to pOEI through PEG, and then the polymer was used for contracting a RNA nanospheres into nanopompons. The anti-miR21 nanopompons showed its potential for effective cancer therapy.

Discussion on the application principle of tuina manipulations for lumbar intervertebral disc herniation in Chinese literatures in recent 30 years / 针灸推拿医学（英文版）

Objective: To discuss the application principle in tuina manipulation for lumbar intervertebral disc herniation (LIDH) in Chinese literatures published in recent 30 years. Methods: The three major Chinese databases, Wanfang Academic Journal Full-text Database (Wanfang), Chongqing VIP Database (CQVIP) and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), were searched to collect the studies of tuina manipulations in treatment of LIDH published in recent 30 years. Clustering analysis was applied to analyze the top 20 tuina manipulations for LIDH. Results: The top 20 most frequently used manipulations for LIDH were Gun-rolling, Rou-kneading, Dian-digital pressing, oblique Ban-pulling, An-pressing, Tanbo-plucking, Bashen-pulling and extending, horizontal Tui-pushing, Na-grasping, Anrou-pressing and kneading, Dou-shaking, Yao-rocking, Ca-scrubbing, Pai-patting, post-extension Ban-pulling, Mo-rubbing, Zhen-vibrating, Nie-pinching, fist-back Ji-tapping, and dorsal Shen-extending methods. The involved manipulations can be divided into two categories by the treated body areas. One category is applied to the soft tissues, including Gun-rolling, Rou-kneading, Dian-digital pressing, An-pressing, Tanbo-plucking, horizontal Tui-pushing, Na-grasping, Anrou-pressing and kneading, Ca-scrubbing, Pai-patting, Mo-rubbing, Zhen-vibrating, Nie-pinching, and fist-back Ji-tapping methods. The other category is applied to bones and joints, including oblique Ban-pulling, Bashen-pulling and extending, Dou-shaking, Yao-rocking, post-extension Ban-pulling, and dorsal Shen-extending methods. Conclusion: Based on the treated body area, the tuina manipulations applied to treat LIDH are predominated by the ones performed on soft tissues, assisted by those on bones and joints. From the way of force exertion, the involved manipulations are majorly the swinging methods, followed by squeezing and pressing ones. The manipulations applied to bones and joints are predominated by the Ban-pulling ones, followed by the Bashen-pulling and extending ones.

Study on Rolling Granulation of Valsartan Tablets / 中国药师

Objective: To prepare valsartan tablets and optimize the parameters of rolling granulation process. Methods: The par-ticle size (D50, Y1/μm), tablet hardness (Y2/N), and 30-min drug dissolution (Y3/%) as the evaluation indices, the critical process variables were studied by Plackett-Burman experiment design firstly, and then Box-Behnken response surface method was used to optimize the parameters of rolling granulation process. Results: Plackett-Burman experimental design showed that the rolling pressure and mesh size had significant effect on the granule size (P<0. 05). The rolling pressure, rolling nip and mesh size had significant effect on the tablet hardness (P<0. 05). The optimum rolling parameters based on Box-Behnken response surface method were as fol-lows: the rolling pressure was 30 bar, the rolling nip was 3. 0 mm and the mesh size was 2. 0 mm. Valsartan tablets had good compres-sibility and high drug dissolution, which was similar to the in vitro dissolution profile of commercial reference preparations. Conclu-sion: The experimental designs to optimize the rolling granulation process of valsartan tablets can improve the controllability of the prod-uct quality.

Study on rolling drying granulation of Rebiqing granules / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective@#Rebiqing granules were prepared and the rolling drying granulation process parameters were optimized.@*Methods@#According to the previous knowledge and experience, the feed rate, pressure and speed of rolling were used as the factors for investigation, and the primary forming rate and the solubility of the Rebiqing granule were taken as the evaluation indexes, and the Box-Behnken response surface method was used to optimize the rolling drying granulation parameters.@*Results@#The optimum rolling drying granulation parameters were as follows: feed rate was 8.5 Hz, rolling pressure was 6.0 Mpa and rolling speed was 8.5 Hz. After continuous production of 3 batches of validation, the Rebiqing granules had high molding rate and good solubility.@*Conclusions@#The rolling drying granulation processes were optimized by the experimental design, which could improve the robustness of the processes and control the stability of the product quality.

Study on prescription and process of Fritillariae Thunbergii Bulbus formula granules based on characterization of powdery / 中草药

Objective: To study the prescription and process of Fritillariae Thunbergii Bulbus (FTB) formula granules. Methods: FTB was extracted by decocting method. FTB extract powder was prepared by spray drying method. Wet-extruding granulating, extruded-rolling granulating, and one-step granulating were adopted for preparing the formula granules. A comprehensive evaluation method was based on the powder fluidity parameters such as the rest angle, the final volume reduction degree (a), the filling velocity constant (b, k), and the yield of the particles, to optimize the optimum preparation process, prescription excipients and their proportion. An HPLC method was used to determine the contents of peimine and peiminine. The chromatographic column was the Agilent Zorbax Eclipse XDB-C18 column (150 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm), and the flow phase was Acetonitrile-water-diethylamine (70:30:0.03); The volume flow was 1.0 mL/min; The column temperature was 30 ℃. Results: The synthesis score of the FTB formula granules prepared by one-step granulating method was the highest. The best prescription was the extract powder-dextrin- 95% ethanol solution (100:100:160). The particle yield was 91.3%, the rest angle was 30.73°, the value of a was 0.109 1, the value of b was 0.025 5 and the value of k was 0.030 1, the fluidity of the granules was good and the yield was high. The content of peimine was 0.305% and the content of peiminine was 0.098% in the particles by HPLC. Conclusion: In this experiment, the formulation and process of FTB formula granules were designed to met the design requirements, which could be used in the production of the technology.

Association of occupational factors,dietary factors and metabolic syndrome in male rolling mill workers / 中国职业医学

OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship of exposure to occupational hazards,labor intensity,dietary factors and the metabolic syndrome( MS) in male rolling mill workers. METHODS: A total of 1 105 male workers in a rolling mill were studied as research objects by judgment sampling method. The basic information of the subjects was collected by questionnaire survey and health examination. The prevalence of MS was analyzed according to different individual characteristics of workers. Multi-factor logistic regression analysis was conducted for analysis of the affecting factors of MS.RESULTS: The prevalence of MS in the subjects was 32. 5%( 359/1 105). The prevalence of MS in workers exposed to occupational hazards was higher than that in the control group( 33. 5% vs 20. 2%,P < 0. 05). The prevalence of MS increased with age( P < 0. 05),and decreased with the increase of labor intensity and family per capita monthly income( P < 0. 05). The prevalence of MS in smokers was higher than that in non-smokers( P < 0. 017),and the prevalence of MS in workers with animal dietary was higher than those with balanced dietary and with traditional dietary( P < 0. 017).The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that after the adjustment of confounding factors such as age,seniority,family per capita monthly income,smoking and drinking,MS risk in a single factor of carbon monoxide exposure group,high temperature combined with carbon monoxide exposure group and high temperature combined with noise exposure group were higher than that of the control group without exposure to occupational hazards respectively( P < 0. 05),and the ratio of the 95% confidence interval were 2. 246( 1. 097-4. 597),2. 581( 1. 308-5. 094) and 2. 435( 1. 281-4. 627). The risk of MS in workers with animal dietary was higher than that with traditional dietary( P < 0. 01),the odds ratio and 95%confidence interval was 1. 497( 1. 106-2. 025). The grade of MS was 24. 6% lower than the original labor intensity with each increasing grade of risk( P < 0. 05). CONCLUSION: The animal dietary,increased labor intensity,exposure to carbon monoxide,high temperature combined with carbon monoxide and high temperature combined with noise can all increase the risk of MS.